The Fidelity study also found that 50 percent of those 2013 graduates who had taken out student loans expressed surprise by just how much debt they had accumulated. That's another shocking statistic that clearly demonstrates just how difficult it is for many college-age students to visualize what their lives will be like when the borrowing phase of their student loans is over and the dreaded repayment phase begins. And that's not a good place to be.
The bottom line is that student loans are not optional arrangements between you and your lenders. They have to be repaid. They cannot be ignored or put off and federal law stipulates that they cannot even be discharged via bankruptcy. If you default on your student loans you can have your tax refunds intercepted, a portion of your wages garnished, judgments or lawsuits issued against you or collection fees added to your loan balances – not to mention harassing calls and tactics from aggressive creditors.
That's why it's absolutely critical that if you are a student loan borrower, you learn how to manage your loans and how to create a budget that allows you to make your mandatory repayments in the most affordable way possible.
First, you must understand the types of loans you have – federal, private or a combination of both - and who is currently holding them. Federal loans are often resold in the secondary market and their terms can often be renegotiated. Private loans are usually held by the original lender; they generally have higher interest rates and less compatible terms. You need to be in constant communication with your lenders – especially if you are having trouble making your payments.
You also need to understand the difference between subsidized federal loans, where the government paid the interest while you were in school, and unsubsidized loans, where interest accrues from the moment they are granted. In other words, you need to know exactly what you owe and to whom and what you're going to be charged each month.
Then you have to get down to basics and do the math. And that means you need to balance your monthly repayment obligations against your monthly income. For example, let's say that you borrowed a total of $20,000 at an interest rate of 6.8 percent. Under a normal 10-year repayment plan, you would owe $230 per month. Can you afford that amount in relation to your salary or whatever other sources of income you rely upon, while also paying for all your other expenses?
If you can't, then you have two options: you can try to increase your income so that, as many experts suggest, you can afford to devote the 8 to 10 percent of your monthly gross income to repaying your student loans, or you can begin shaving some of your discretionary expenses such as entertainment, travel, or any unnecessary purchases.
Another way to budget for affordability is to take advantage of one of the federal government's repayment strategies designed to help borrowers manage their repayment obligations. These include Graduated Repayment, Extended Repayment, Income-Based Repayment (IBR), Income-Sensitive Repayment (ISR), Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR), and Pay As You Earn.
Finally, you can consolidate your student loans (both federal and private, although not together). While this strategy ultimately increases the amount of interest you will pay because it stretches out the loan term, consolidation will make your monthly payments lower and therefore more affordable.
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